Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 23, 1947, ntawm Bell Labs hauv Murray Hill, New Jersey, peb tus kws tshawb fawb -Dr. Bardeen, Dr. Brighton, thiab Dr. Shockley- tau ua cov kev sim nrog kev mob siab rau kev ua kom pom tseeb. Lawv tau amplifying suab signals siv semiconductor crystals nyob rau hauv ib tug conductive circuit. Rau lawv txoj kev xav tsis thoob, lawv tau pom tias qhov me me tam sim no ntws los ntawm ib feem ntawm lawv cov khoom tsim tau tuaj yeem tswj tau qhov tam sim no loj dua ntws los ntawm lwm qhov, yog li ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov cuab yeej no yog lub transistor, ib qho kev ua tiav hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev tshawb fawb. Vim tias nws tau tsim ua ntej Christmas thiab muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau tib neeg lub neej yav tom ntej, nws tau hu ua "khoom plig Christmas rau lub ntiaj teb." Peb tus kws tshawb fawb no tau sib koom ua ke muab 1956 Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics rau qhov kev tshawb pom no.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tshiab tau pom tias tso ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv sib xws ntawm cov khoom siv sab nraud sab nraud ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tawm ntawm lub transistor tuaj yeem tsim ib qho semiconductor -cooled P-N qauv. Vim tias cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom siv N yog tsawg thiab cov khoom siv P yog siab, thaum electrons ntws los ntawm, lawv yuav tsum nqus cua sov los ntawm substrate, muab txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws rau dissipate tshav kub los ntawm transistor core. Vim hais tias cov cua kub dissipated yog ncaj qha proportional rau tam sim no, lub tshuab no yog figuratively hu ua "electronic ntshav" txias. Nyob ntawm qhov polarity ntawm cov khoom siv ntxiv, cov tshuab cua txias tshiab hu ua N-PNP lossis NPN-P.
Lub transistor tau coj los thiab ua kom yooj yim rau "khoom- lub xeev kiv puag ncig," uas nyob rau hauv lem propelled lub ntiaj teb no semiconductor electronics kev lag luam. Raws li ib feem tseem ceeb, nws yog thawj thiab foremost siv nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus cov cuab yeej, tsim enormous economic kev pab cuam. Vim tias cov transistor tau hloov pauv cov qauv ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, kev sib koom ua ke thiab cov loj- cov kab sib xyaw ua ke tau tshwm sim, ua rau kev tsim cov khoom siv siab - cov khoom siv xws li siab - cov khoos phis tawj hluav taws xob ceev kom muaj tseeb.
